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Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom
Euroscepticism, the opposition to policies of supranational EU institutions and/or opposition to Britain's membership of the European Union, has been a significant element in the politics of the United Kingdom (UK).
The European Unity movement as a political project after 1945 was supported and inspired by important British voices. For example, Winston Churchill pledged in his 1946 Zurich speech for "a kind of United States of Europe" led by France and Germany but did not intend to involve Britain. The ambivalent position of British politics and citizens has been described as "wishing to seem an important part of Europe without being a part of it". The othering of European Unity as a Continental issue and somebody else's problem has been rather strong. Pro-European British politicians and citizens have faced various defeats and humiliations with regard to Britain's steps in the direction of increased European integration.〔 Even parties like the Liberal Democrats with an outspoken pro-European platform, have members that share the British lack of enthusiasms "of all things European."〔Britain in the European Union Today: Third Edition, Duncan Watts, Colin Pilkington, Manchester University Press, 29 November 2005, p.220〕 After joining the EU, confrontational attitudes of British politicians, as in the UK rebate controversy, gained further popularity among the British public, and many Britons feel a much stronger affection for the Commonwealth of Nations than they ever have for the EU.〔
==History==
An ideological divide between reverence for continental European refinery and classics and anti-foreigner sentiment has existed for centuries, but Euroscepticism is different from the anti-Europeanism more prevalent in American culture.〔(Anti-Europeanism and Euroscepticism in the United States ), Patrick Chamorel No 25, EUI-RSCAS Working Papers from European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS) 2004〕 Britain's foreign policy stance of relatively minimal involvement in European affairs, on the other hand, was characterised as "splendid isolation" back in the late 19th century.〔Margaret Macmillan, ''The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914'' (2013) ch 2〕
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